(:linebreaks:)

KEY:　
MT　machine translation
TQ  translation quality
TT translation tools
LE language editing (pre/post editing)
ED  education and MT
LL  linguistic landscapes and signage


[[Abbasian]], Gholam-Reza & Parisa Aslerasouli (2015) Comparison of Google Online Translation and 
Human Translation with Regard to Soft vs. Hard Science Texts, Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language 
Research Volume 2, Issue 3, 2015, pp. 169-184 
MT, TQ found that GT and HT were similar, but does not mention the languages used. Waddington's model of 
 translation quality assessment (2001) could be useful; merits a read.

[[Agnihotri]], R. K., & Mc　Cormick, K. (2010). Language in the Material World: 
Multilinguality in Signage. International Multilingual Research Journal, 4(1), 55–81. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/19313150903501133

[[Arenas]], A. G. (2010). Exploring Machine Translation on the Web. Revista Tradumàtica, 1–6.
 MT, TQ Compares 4 MT sites for Eng-Spanish, finds Bing and GT best. Some good lit review. --JY

[[Aucote]], H. M., Miner, A., & Dahlhaus, P. (2012). Interpretation and misinterpretation of 
warning signage: Perceptions of rockfalls in a naturalistic setting. Psychology, Health & 
Medicine, 17(5), 522–529. http://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2011.644247

[[Bauder]], M., & Freytag, T. (2015). Visitor mobility in the city and the effects of travel 
preparation. Tourism Geographies, 6688(September), 1–19. http://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2015.1053971

[[Bruyèl-Olmedo]], A., & Juan-Garau, M. (2013). Shaping tourist LL: language display and the
sociolinguistic background of an international multilingual readership. International Journal 
of Multilingualism, 00(00), 1–17. http://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2013.827688
 LL Combines empirical data from a photographic database (=736 photos)
 with the self-reported sociolinguistic profile of 400 interviewees to explore sociolinguistic 
 patterns in 2 tourist areas in Spain.

[[Callison-Burch]], C. (2009). Fast, cheap, and creative: evaluating translation quality using 
Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. In Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural 
Language Processing Volume 1 - EMNLP ’09. http://doi.org/10.3115/1699510.1699548]]
 TQ, TT uses Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to pay small sums to a large number of non-expert annotators.
 for judgments on a translation task. Found that non-expert judgments have a high-level of
 agreement with the existing gold-standard judgments of machine translation quality

[[Doherty]], S., & Kenny, D. (2014). The design and evaluation of a Statistical Machine Translation 
syllabus for translation students. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 8(2), 295–315.
 http://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2014.937571
 ED Describes use of SMT in syllabus for graduate students of translation

[[Dowling]], T. (2012). Translated for the dogs: Language use in Cape Town signage. Language Matters, 
43(2), 240–262. http://doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2012.688763

[[Dowling]], T., & Town, C. (2010). “Akuchanywa apha please” No peeing here please: The language of 
signage in Cape Town. South African Journal of African Languages, 30(2), 192–208. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2010.10587346

[[Draper]], J., & Nilaiyaka, A. (2014). Culture and language promotion in Thailand: implications for 
the Thai Lao minority of introducing multilingual signage. Asian Ethnicity, 16(2), 203–234. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2014.906060
 LL See below 

[[Draper]], J., & Prasertsri, P. (2013). The Isan Culture Maintenance and Revitalisation Programme’s 
multilingual signage attitude survey. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34(7), 617–635. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2013.814659
 LL Both of the articles above discuss the adoption of food and drink multilingual signage at a university in northern Thailand as part of a local cultural revitalization process.

[[Dressler]], R. (2014). Signgeist: Promoting bilingualism through the linguistic landscape of 
school signage. International Journal of Multilingualism, 0718(September). http://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2014.912282
 LL Explores use of bilingual signs in German-English elementary school in Western Canada from nexus analysis viewpoint.

[[Garcia]], I. (n.d.). Can Machine Translation Help the Language Learner ? In ICT for Language Learning (pp. 4–7). 
 ED  attempts to find uses for MT as aids for beginning language learners using beginning Spanish students

[[Garcia]], I., & Pena, M. I. (2011). Machine translation-assisted language learning: writing for 
beginners. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 24(5), 471–487. http://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2011.582687
 ED basically same as above

[[Gaspari]], F., Almaghout, H., & Doherty, S. (2015). A survey of machine translation competences: 
insights for translation technology educators and practitioners. Perspectives, 6623(September), 1–26. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2014.979842

[[Graddol]], D., Danielewicz-Betz, A., Tsai, N., Pym, P. J., Yokoyama, S., Kumano, A., … Zanettin, F. (2015). 
Revising text: An empirical investigation of revision and the effects of integrating a TM and MT system 
into the translation process. Asian Englishes, 24(2), 471–487. http://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2014.906060

[[Harris]], D. A., & Parrish, D. E. (2006). The Art of Online Teaching: Online Instruction versus 
In-Class Instruction. Journal of Technology in Human Studies, 24(3), 105–117. http://doi.org/10.1300/J017v24n02

[[Hughes]], K., Ballantyne, R., & Packer, J. (2014). Comparing Chinese and Western Visitors’ Responses 
to Interpretive Signs at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, China. Visitor Studies, 17(2), 
137–158. http://doi.org/10.1080/10645578.2014.945344

[[Hutchins]], J. (2003). The Development and Use of Machine Translation Systems and Computer-based 
Translation Tools. International Journal of Translation, 15(1), 5–26. 

[[Hutchins]], J. (2004). Current commercial machine translation systems and computer-based 
translation tools: system types and their uses, (January 1954). 

[[Hutchins]], J. (2005). Towards a definition of example-based machine translation. 2nd Workshop on 
Example-Based Machine Translation, 63–70. Retrieved from http://www.iai-sb.de/carl/EBMT2/EBMT2_proceedings.pdf#page=71

[[Hutchins]], J. (2006). Example based machine translation – a review and commentary. Recent Advances in 
Example-Based Machine Translation, 19(3-4), 197–211. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-006-9003-9


[[Ikehara]], S., Shirai, S., Yokoo, A., & Nakaiwa, H. (1995). Toward an MT System without Pre-Editing --- 
Effects of New Methods in ALT-J/E ---. In Proceedings of the Machine Translation Summit III (MT Summit III) 
(p. 9). Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/cmp-lg/9510008

[[Institute]], A. R. (2010). 茨城県観光市場に関する調査. 

[[Japan National Tourism Organization]]. (2013). Press release.
 
[[Jeanneret]], Y., Depoux, A., Luckerhoff, J., Vitalbo, V., & Jacobi, D. (2010). Written signage and reading 
practices of the public in a major fine arts museum. Museum Management and Curatorship, 25(1), 53–67. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/09647770903529400

[[Ko]], L. (2012). Information loss and change of appellative effect in Chinese-English public sign translation. 
Babel-Revue Internationale De La Traduction-International Journal of Translation. 

[[Koehn]], P. (n.d.). Europarl : A Parallel Corpus for Statistical Machine Translation, 11, 79–86.
 
[[Lamont]], M., & Causley, K. (2010a). Guiding the Way: Exploring cycle tourists’ needs and preferences 
for cycling route maps and signage. Annals of Leisure Research, 13(3), 497–522. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2010.9686860


[[Lewis]], K. (2010). Yellowtown: Urban Signage, Class, and Race. Design and Culture, 2(2), 183–198. 
http://doi.org/10.2752/175470710X12696138525668

[[Mc Cormick]], K., & Agnihotri, R. K. (2009). Forms and functions of English in multilingual signage. 
English Today. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078409990228

[[Naskar]], S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (n.d.). Use of Machine Translation in India : Current Status, 465–470. 

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http://doi.org/10.1145/312624.312656

[[Nino]], A. (2008a). Evaluating the use of machine translation post-editing in the foreign language class. 
Computer Assisted Language Learning, 21(1), 29–49. http://doi.org/10.1080/09588220701865482


[[Niño]], A. (2009). Machine translation in foreign language learning: language learners’ and tutors’ 
perceptions of its advantages and disadvantages. Re Call, 21(02), 241. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344009000172


[[Nyberg]], E., Mitamura, T., & Carbonell, J. G. (1994b). Evaluation Metrics for Knowledge-Based Machine Translation. 
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http://doi.org/10.3115/991886.991900

[[O’Hagan]], M. (2005). Multidimensional Translation : A Game Plan for Audiovisual Translation in the Age of GILT. 
Mu Tra 2005, 1–12. 

[[Pecina]], P., Toral, A., Way, A., Papavassiliou, V., Prokopidis, P., & Giagkou, M. (2011). Towards Using 
Web-Crawled Data for Domain Adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of the 15th Conference 
of the European Association for Machine Translation (pp. 297–304). 

[[Polger]], M. A., & Stempler, A. F. (2014a). Out with the Old, In with the New: Best Practices for Replacing 
Library Signage. Public Services Quarterly, 10(2), 67–95. http://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2014.904210

[[Radtke]], O., & Yuan, X. (2011). “Please don’t climb trees and pick flowers for the sake of life’ – 
making sense of bilingual tourism signs in China. Language and Intercultural Communication, 11(4), 389–407. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2011.616592

[[Rowland]], L. (2015). English in the Japanese linguistic landscape: a motive analysis. Journal of 
Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 4632(September), 1–16. http://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2015.1029932

[[Schneider]], E. W. (2014). Asian Englishes – into the future: a bird’s eye view. Asian Englishes, 16(3), 249–256. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2014.949439

NIM *[[Shen]], Ethan (2010) Comparison of online machine translation tools
http://www.tcworld.info/e-magazine/translation-and-localization/article/comparison-of-online-machine-translation-tools/
 Found 1)  Google Translate is widely preferred when translating long passages
  2) Microsoft Bing Translator and Yahoo Babelfish often produce better translations for phrases below 140 characters. 
 3) in general Babelfish performs well in East Asian Languages such as Chinese and Korean and Bing Translator 
 performs well in Spanish, German, and Italian.

[[Shimohata]], S., Kitamura, M., Sukehiro, T., & Murata, T. (2001). Collaborative Translation Environment 
on the Web. In Proceedings of the Machine Translation Summit VIII (MT Summit VIII) (pp. 1–4). 

[[Sloculn]], J. (1985). A Survey of Machine Translation : Its History , Current Status , and Future Prospects. 
English, 11(1), 1–17.
  
[[Somers]], H. (1999). Review Article: Example-based Machine Translation. Machine Translation, 14(2), 
113–157. http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008109312730

[[Spellman]], R. (2011). Developing Best Practices for Machine Translation Using Google Translate 
and OCR Terminal. Journal of Interlibrary Loan,Document Delivery & Electronic Reserve, 21(3), 141–147. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/1072303X.2011.585570

[[Stempler]], A. F., & Polger, M. A. (2013). Do You See the Signs? Evaluating Language, Branding, and 
Design in a Library Signage Audit. Public Services Quarterly, 9(2), 121–135.
 http://doi.org/10.1080/15228959.2013.785881

[[Stern]], A. (2014). Domesticating the Global: Sign Writing and Visual Culture in Lusaka, Zambia. 
Design and Culture, 6(3), 391–411. http://doi.org/10.2752/175470814X14105156869584

[[Stroud]], C., & Mpendukana, S. (2010). Multilingual signage: a multimodal approach to discourses of 
consumption in a South African township. Social Semiotics, 20(5), 469–493. 
http://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2010.513174

[[Turcato]], D., & Popowich, F. (2001). What is Example-Based Machine Translation? In Proceedings of 
the Machine Translation Summit 
VIII (MT Summit VIII). Retrieved from http://www.eamt.org/events/summitVIII/
[[Van Rensburg]], A., Snyman, C., & Lotz, S. (2012). Applying Google Translate in a higher 
education environment: Translation products assessed. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language 
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[[Wagner]], D., Vercruyssen, M., & Hancock, P. (1997). A Computer-Based Methodology for Evaluating the 
Content of Variable Message Signage. ITS Journal - Intelligent Transportation Systems Journal, 3(4), 353–373.
 http://doi.org/10.1080/10248079708903730

[[Yamada]], M. (2011). Revising text: An empirical investigation of revision and the effects of integrating 
a TM and MT system into the translation process. Rikkyo University. 

[[Yamada]], M. (2014). Can college students be post-editors? An investigation into employing language learners 
in machine translation plus post-editing settings. Machine Translation, 29(1), 49–67. 
http://doi.org/10.1007/s10590-014-9167-7

NIM [[Yamada]], Masaru (2013) Who will be post-editors. Introducing Translation Studies, 10   51-64   Aug 2013
http://honyakukenkyu.sakura.ne.jp/shotai_vol10/No_10-004-Yamada.pdf

NIM [[Yamada]], Masaru (2011) Applying ‘machine translation plus post-editing’ to a case of English-to-Japanese translation (9) 97-114
A study of the translation process through translators’ interim products

NIM [[Yamada]], Masaru (2010) The effect of translation memory database for productivity
Interpreting and Translation Studies   (9) 159-176   

NIM [[Yamada]], Masaru (11 Apr 2013) A pilot investigation on possibilities for novice translators to be post-editors in MT+PE settings, 
TAUS Executive Forum in Tokyo.   

NIM [[Yamada]], Masaru (19 Apr 2012) MT plus post-editing in an English-to-Japanese localization context: How useful can it be, compared to 
translation memory, and how does it change professional translators’ production style? TAUS Executive Forum in Tokyo      

NIM [[Yamada]], Masaru (Jun 2009) Effect of the use of TM in localization industries on the translation products and process
Graduate conference at Universitat Rovira I Virgili  

[[Yates]], S. (2006). Translation Scaling the Tower of Babel Fish : An Analysis of the Machine of Legal 
Information. Law Library Journal, 98(3), 481–500. 

[[Yokoyama]], S., & Takano, Y. (2011). Investigation for Translation Disambiguation of Verbs in Patent Sentences 
using Word Grouping. In Proceedings of the Machine Translation Summit XIII (MT Summit XIII) Workshop on Patent 
Translation (pp. 60–63). 

[[Zanettin]], F. (2009). Corpus-based translation activities for language learners. Interpreter and Translator 
Trainer, 3(2), 209–224. http://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2009.10798789

[[山田優]]. (2009). 翻訳技術の翻訳プロセスへの影響と可能性. 翻訳研究への招待, 3, 133–144.
 
[[山田優]]. (2011). 作動記憶と訳出プロセス Working Memory and Translating Process. 翻訳研究への招待, 6. 

[[山田優]]. (2013). 誰がポストエディターになるのか？: Who will be post-editors? 翻訳研究への招待, 9, 51–64. 

[[田中]]. (2016).

http://www.academia.edu/11573216/Comparison_of_Google_Online_Translation_and_Human_Translation_with_Regard_to_
Soft_vs._Hard_Science_Texts
 There is statistically a significant difference in the quality of HT and MT (i.e. GT) in favor of HT.
 Mode of translation affects its quality but text type does not have any significant effects on translation quality.
 No statistically significant relationship exists among translation errors and translation modes

NIM [[Matsudaira]], M. (1994) A pre-editing support system for Japanese-English machine translating. 
Shizen gengo Shori p. 104-118.
 Developed pre-editing support system for -E machine translation using patterns and rules. 
 Suggests the following preedit patterns: division of longer sentences, addition of subject, object, blocking to show 
 structure, fulfilling meaning, and other grammar changes. Hyo 4 is good.


ONLINE SITES

http://theconversation.com/learning-a-language-and-translating-the-web-does-duolingo-work-10687