http://www2.kumagaku.ac.jp/teacher/~judy/classes/zemi/speakyourownenglish.pptx

http://http://www2.kumagaku.ac.jp/teacher/~judy/classes/zemi/speakyourownenglish.pptx

Kachru's classification of English (Kachru, 1982, 1988).

What is World Englishes?

Professor Braj Kachru's classification of English (Kachru, 1982, 1988).

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XLxmGszgkpM/UZT0nQ7p8XI/AAAAAAAAEA4/z9LqFIpNgSE/s1600/Three+Cirlces.png

1. The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of English, where it is the primary language. Included in this circle are the USA, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The varieties of English used here are, in Kachru's scheme, 'norm providing'. 375 million ENL speakers

2. The outer or extended circle involves areas where the language has become part of a country's chief institutions, and plays an important 'second language' role in a multilingual setting. Singapore, India, Malawi and over fifty other nations are included in this circle. The varieties used here are what Kachru calls 'norm-developing'. 375 million ESL speakers

3. The expanding circle includes those nations which acknowledge the importance of English as an International Language, in which English is taught as a 'foreign' language. These are 'norm-dependent' varieties. 750 million EFL speakers

World Englishes is a mixture of many fields of study. Here are just a few:

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XLxmGszgkpM/UZT0nQ7p8XI/AAAAAAAAEA4/z9LqFIpNgSE/s1600/Three+Cirlces.png

It all began with Professor Braj Kachru's classification of English as a World Language as consisting of three circles (Kachru, 1982, 1988).

 a. How is English used in different businesses and situations? (ESP)

 a. How is English used in different businesses and ? (ESP)
 b. How can English best be used in different businesses and localities? (linguistic auditing)

 d. How did Englishes develop and why? (historical linguistics)

1. Linguistics and corpus linguistics

 b. What differences are there in vocabulary? (semantics,lexicography)

2. Communication and Sociolinguistics

3. Language Policy and Education

 d. How can other languages be "protected"? (language preservation)

 a. How can English best be used in different localities? (linguistic auditing)

 c. What differences are there in popular usage of English? (music, T-shirts, advertising, etc.)

What is World Englishes? It is a mixture of many fields of study. Here are just a few:

1. Linguistics and sociolinguistics

 a. What do different Englishes sound like? (phonology)
 b. What differences are there in vocabulary? (semantics,lexicography, corpus linguistics)
 c. What differences are there in grammar and word order? (syntax)

--Linguistics group

2. Communication

 a. What differences are there in context and cultural background? (sociolinguistics)
 b. How do people use different Englishes differently? (sociolinguistics)
 c. How do people come to understand each other? (communication accommodation)

--Communication group <br> 3. Language Policy

 a. Is English used as a Native, Second, International language? (Kachru's three circles)
 b. How is English taught in different countries? (ELT)
 c. Is English "too important"? (linguistic imperialism)
 c. How can other languages be "protected"? (language preservation)

--Englishes group

4. English for Specific Purposes

 c. How can English best be used in different localities? (linguistic auditing)
 b. How is English used in different businesses? (ESP)

--Other group

Let us begin with Kachru's classification of English as a World Language as consisting of three circles (Kachru, 1982, 1988).

1. The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of English, where it is the primary language. Included in this circle are the USA, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The varieties of English used here are, in Kachru's scheme, 'norm providing'. 375 million ENL speakers

2. The outer or extended circle involves areas where the language has become part of a country's chief institutions, and plays an important 'second language' role in a multilingual setting. Singapore, India, Malawi and over fifty other nations are included in this circle. The varieties used here are what Kachru calls 'norm-developing'. 375 million ESL speakers

3. The expanding circle includes those nations which acknowledge the importance of English as an International Language, in which English is taught as a 'foreign' language. These are 'norm-dependent' varieties. 750 million EFL speakers

http://www.rdg.ac.uk/app_ling/circles.htm for english circles chart

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Let us begin with Kachru's classification of English as a World Language as consisting of three circles (Kachru, 1982, 1988).

1. The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of English, where it is the primary language. Included in this circle are the USA, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The varieties of English used here are, in Kachru's scheme, 'norm providing'. 375 million ENL speakers

2. The outer or extended circle involves areas where the language has become part of a country's chief institutions, and plays an important 'second language' role in a multilingual setting. Singapore, India, Malawi and over fifty other nations are included in this circle. The varieties used here are what Kachru calls 'norm-developing'. 375 million ESL speakers

3. The expanding circle includes those nations which acknowledge the importance of English as an International Language, in which English is taught as a 'foreign' language. These are 'norm-dependent' varieties. 750 million EFL speakers

http://www.rdg.ac.uk/app_ling/circles.htm for english circles chart

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3. The expanding circle includes those nations which acknowledge the importance of English as an International Language, in which English is taught as a 'foreign' language. These are 'norm-dependent' varieties. 750 million EFL speakers

http://www.rdg.ac.uk/app_ling/circles.htm for english circles chart

1. The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of English, where it is the primary language. Included in this circle are the USA, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The varieties of English used here are, in Kachru's scheme, 'norm providing'. 375 million ENL speakers

2. The outer or extended circle involves areas where the language has become part of a country's chief institutions, and plays an important 'second language' role in a multilingual setting. Singapore, India, Malawi and over fifty other nations are included in this circle. The varieties used here are what Kachru calls 'norm-developing'. 375 million ESL speakers

3. The expanding circle includes those nations which acknowledge the importance of English as an International Language, in which English is taught as a 'foreign' language. These are 'norm-dependent' varieties. 750 million EFL speakers

Let us begin with Kachru's classification of English as a World Language as consisting of three circles (Kachru, 1982, 1988).

1. The inner circle refers to the traditional bases of English, where it is the primary language. Included in this circle are the USA, UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The varieties of English used here are, in Kachru's scheme, 'norm providing'.

2. The outer or extended circle involves areas where the language has become part of a country's chief institutions, and plays an important 'second language' role in a multilingual setting. Singapore, India, Malawi and over fifty other nations are included in this circle. The varieties used here are what Kachru calls 'norm-developing'.

3. The expanding circle includes those nations which acknowledge the importance of English as an International Language, in which English is taught as a 'foreign' language. These are 'norm-dependent' varieties.